Chickenpox

Chickenpox (varicella) is a highly contagious viral disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The main symptom is a blistering skin rash. Outbreaks are more common in winter and early spring. A vaccine is available.

Chickenpox is spread by air-borne droplets from the upper respiratory tract (coughing, sneezing) or from the fluid in the skin blisters (lesions). An infected person is contagious for 1–2 days (possibly five days) before the onset of the rash and remains infectious until the blisters form scabs (usually around day five of the illness). Children with chickenpox should not go to school or kinder until the last blister has dried. You should tell your child’s school or kinder if your child gets chickenpox, as other children may need to be immunised or treated.

For most healthy people, chickenpox is mild and the person recovers fully without specific treatment. However, complications occur in approximately one per cent of cases. It is more severe in adults and anyone of any age with impaired immunity. Immunisation is the best way to prevent chickenpox.

Symptoms
The symptoms of chickenpox include:

* The person develops a low-grade fever.
* The person experiences general discomfort, illness or lack of wellbeing (malaise).
* A skin rash appears as little blisters surrounded by irregular-shaped patches of inflamed skin (‘dew drop on a rose petal’).
* The rash usually starts on the body, then progresses to include the head and limbs.
* Ulcers may develop in certain areas, including the mouth and vagina.
* The rash is intensely itchy.
* The little blisters burst and develop crusts, usually about day five.

How it is spread
Chickenpox is spread by air-borne droplets from the upper respiratory tract (when the infected person coughs or sneezes) or from touching the fluid in the skin blisters (lesions). An infected person is contagious for 1–2 days (possibly five days) before the onset of the rash and remains infectious until the blisters form scabs (usually around day five of the illness).

The time from infection to appearance of the rash (incubation period) for chickenpox is around 14–16 days. A few days prior to the rash appears, the person may feel feverish with a sore throat and headache. Their skin may be marked for some months after the rash has cleared.

Children with chickenpox should not go to school or kinder until the last blister has dried or until all blisters are covered. You should tell your child’s school or kinder if your child gets chickenpox, as other children may need to be immunised or treated.